Knit fabric and method of making the same



July 3, 1945.

1111111 EABRIC AND METHOD oF MAKING THE SAME M. NBEL 2,379,649

Fi1ed sept. 16, 19:57 17 Sheets-sheet 1 v 1 5 ffii 51115120@ 11E/w,

x u 4x i nky July 3, 1945. (VM. NEBVEL y KNIT FABRIC AND METHODOF`M`AKI'NG THE vSAME Filed sept. 16,'1937 17 sheets-sheet 2 i C if@July 3, 1945. M. NEBEL 2,379,649

KNIT FABRIC 'AND 0D OF MAKING THE SAME Filed Sept. 16, v1937 17Sheets-Sheet 3 m I l I July'3, 14945. M. NEBEL l 2,379,649

KNIT FABRIC AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Filed sept.'1e, 1937 17Sheets-Sheet 4 A July 3, 1945. v M, NEBEL 2,379,649

KNIT FABRIC AND METHOD 0F MAKING THE SAM Filed Sept. 16, 1937 17Sheets-Sheet 6 KM, 5M WO M. NEBEL KNIT `:.ABRIC AND'METHOD OF MAKING THESAME July 3, 1945.

Filed sept. 16, 1957 '17 sheets-sheer; '7

Julys, 1945. V M, NEBE-L 2,379,649

KNIT FABRIC AND METHOD OF MAKING-THE SAME Filed sep. 16, 1957 17sheets-sheet 8 July 3, 1945. M. NEBEI.

KNIT FABRIC AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Filed sept. 16, 1957 17sheets-sheet 9 ru v July 3, 1945. M NEBEL 2,379,649

KNIT FABRIC AND METHOD 0F MAKING THE SAME lFiled Sept. 16, 1937 17Sheets-Sheet 10 July 3, 1945'. M.-NEBE| KNIT FABRIC AND METHOD MAKINGTHE SAME l Filed sept. 16, 1937 1'7 sheets-sheet 11 Jllly, 1945. l. M,NEBEL l 2,379,649

KNIT FABRIC AND METHOD 0F MAKING THE SAME Filed sepi. 1s, ls? 17sheets-sheet 12 July 3,1945. YM NEBEL KNIT FABRIC AND METHOD OFMAKINGTHE SAME 1'7 Sheets-Sheet 13 Filed Sept. 16, 1937 July 3, 1945;

M NEBEL KNIT FABRIC AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME l' Sheets-Sheet 14Filed Sept. 16, 1937 July 3, 1.945. v M. NEBEI. 1*--5379549 KNIT FABRICANI()` METHOD OF MAKING THE'SAME Filed sept. 16, 1937 17 sheets-'sheet15 3, 1945. M. NEBEI. y 24J-'579,649

/KNIT FABRIC AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME v y y Filed Spt.f 16, 1937 17Sheets-Sheet 16 July 3, 1945.

M. NAEBEL 'KNIT FABRIC AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME 17 Sheets-Sheet 17Filed sept.. 1e, 1957 /ve fo Patented July 3, 1945 v KNIT rABnicANnMETHOD THE SAME l Mair NebelQGhemnitz, Germany; vested in lAlenPropertyCustodian F MAKING the application september 1s,y 1937, f serial No.l164,119V2. .'Inv Germany September 14, 1936 7 claims. -(o1. ca -ics)This invention relates tol a knit fabric method of knitting such fabric.o

An object of the yinvention is to combine the and, `a

principal advantages of warp goods and hosiery and to' produce a newfabric having characteristic features of warp goodsi as well as'hosiery.

' In accomplishing the above'and other objects of this invention, it wasfound advisable to` provide a. fabric wherein, as in hosiery, the threadextends inthe transverse direction 'of the fabric. that is, in thedirection of the courses. This makes it possible to attain in the n ew4fabricrthe high degree of extensibility, Vla'dder--proofness and otheradvantageous properties of hosiery. On the other hand, sinkerv loops areeliminated in thev new fabric and, vas `in warp goods, are substituted fby thread crossings or Shanks which extend from a needle loop situatedin one course toa needle loopl situated'in a following course". '.Du'e'to this arrangement the great elasticity,` ladder-proofness and otheradvantageous'properties.of the warp goods'are retained in the newfabric. e In accordance with the present invention, each' course orcertain coursesof the new fabric con-` tain needle loops having shortShanks and otherr needle loops having elongated Shanks. The loops withelongated shanksia're formed into a, needle loop either by themselvesortogethei` with a needle loopwith shortshanks in thejsainewalejorln" alaterally-spaced wale situated in af following course, while one of thetwo elongated shanks is formed into one of the needle loops precedingthe.

needle loop having short Shanks.

In order to produce the fabric made in accordance with the presentinvention', the thread portions disposed lbetween and above' the needleloops are worked longer than vusual and longer than the top loopportions, Vso that during looping e in a'following course these threadportions can be drawn through the needle loops of thecourse in whichthey are formed or throughthe needle loops of a following course, and inthe next course they can be made into needle loops in the same Wale orin a Wale spaced laterally therefrom. The needle loops withy elongatedshanksmay be formed into a` needle loop either alone or together withthe needle loop having short Shanks of the course concerned. The threadportions located between the needle loops are worked in the width overone orfmo're divisions.

The invention will appear more clearly from the following detaileddescription when taken in connection with the accompanying drawingsshowing, by` way of example, preferredy embodiments ofthe inventiveidea.

. lines;l y Figure 3 illustrates diagrammatically a fabric yInthedrawings; I i i Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a fabric having loopsprovidedv with short and elongated Shanks; l e Figure 2 illustratesdiagrammatically a fabric wherein the loops are arrangedY along`straight wherein each needlev loop-consists ofa single thread; e f

Figure l illustrates diagrammatically a fabric wherein sinker walesalternate with cross-wales;

Figure 5 illustrates diagrammatically a fabric wherein needle loops withelongated Shanks are provided in different wales; I

Figure 6 illustrates diagrammatically a fabric, the elongated Shanks ofwhich are twice as long asthe short shanks;

.Figure 'l illustrates diagrammatically afabric r wherein loops withelongated Shanks are wo-rked into aneedle loop; I 'y Y Figure 8 showsafabric substantially similarto that shown in Figure 4; i

,Figure `9 iiiustrates diagrammaticauy a fabrichaving two vpartialcourses provided with overhangingthread portions;

Figure l'shows a fabric which is substantially similar to thatillustrated in Figure 5;

Fignre 11 illustrates;diagrammatically a plated fabric manufactured inaccordance fwith the principles of the present invention; n

Figures 12 Vand l13 are diagrams illustrating fabrics with'tied-inwefts.v

Figures 14 'and` 15 are diagramsfillustrating hosiery* of a 'type' knownin prior 'art'for the purpose of explaining the development of the loopconnection in the fabrics -made in"accordance with thepresentinvention;l""I

Figure 16 is a diagram illustrating the fundamental principle of loopconnection in fabrics made in accordancewith the present invention;

FiguresV 1''to 60 are diagrams illustrating lsections through parts ofcircular knitting machines for the purposeof illustrating the operationof sinkers and'needles in carrying out the methods ofthe presentinvention.; For clarityssake', the rowsof sinkers and needles are shownlas extending along straight line's and not circularly, or in the form ofan' arc, in botvhjthe top and front views. Throughout` the followingspecification the front"views are assumed `to be taken in the directionof the backof th'eqneedles, i. e., in'

circular 'knitting machines looking' from thein.- side :of the needlecylinder. Thefront views and ous positions of needles and sinkers, theseiiguresr 4:,

being sections along the. lines l9-I9, 2li-'20,

respectively, in Figures 17 and 18,

Figure 27 is a diagram illustrating-v a circularl knitting machine infront vievwand showing the application of the method to this machine,wherein the sinkers move in the direction of the back of the needles andtwo courses are. simultaneously formed; Y n p Figures 28- to 3-1- aresectional-side. views, takeni along the lines 28-28, 28-29, 30--30`,3I-3'lof. Figure 27..

Figure 32. is4 a;n diagram illustrating a circularY knitting machine infront View andY showing a method wherein the sinkers move toward' theneedle backs and. broth coursesare formed-duringone looping process. i

Figure 33iisalsoairontview of;V a rcircular knitting machine and shows.another application. of,V the. methodinaccordance with the.` presentinvention, whereinY the sinkers move toward'. the

needle backs and both. par-tial'. courses; are also.

formed during. alooping process.. l y

Figures 3f4and 35: are sectional side views-taken along the lines 34--34and :i5-35. in Figures 32 ande-3% f l' Figures-3Std 39Y arev diagramsshowing the application of a method in accordance with the presentinvention to. aflat. ory straight. bar'lnitting machine, wherein thesinkersfmoye toward' the needle backs. Figures and.3,'7. showfthe,looping in. one working directionrand Figures Siiv and, 39.

show the looping inthe other. working, direction, only one partial:-course ybeing formedduring. each looping.,A v ,i

Figures.40`. to. 4 3. areE sideuviews illustrating needles and= vsinkersi`n. different positions' for,

, carrying out anotherknittingimethod constituting: apart ofthepresentinvention. l

Figures 44 and 45 show diagrammatically'ia.

front viewand atopiview., respectively, ofa .knitting machineand.illustrate la method in acciorid-gance withwhich .both partial coursesare formed.

in` one. looping operation .and the `sinkers. are moved against theneedle backs...

Figure 46 is a: section along. the.- lines-M --dn Figures 44, 45, 47 and48., i

Figures 47- and.- 48` are a. front, view andr a top View, respectively,of aknitting machine and illustrate the applicationoflanotherrnetl'iod.4k

Figures49 andl 50show pattern wheels. Figurel; shows? af drive .forapattern wheels Figurela isavsectionalview takenalong. lines.

5ML-'51411. inliguresflland- 48..` i A Y ligurelz shows a needle and; a.sinkerhand illustrates. the relative-position. of. these parts.during;a.reverse plating` o iafabric.v y

Figure 53 is asectonal planviewutaken along; the line. 53-53 ofFigure52. f

Figures 54`. jar`i'dv 55 are" a ,Y View, respectively; oia part of a'knitting'machine' andillustrate a method in accordanc'ewith which 'frontview'enda rop.

both partial .courses are formed during one lopa ing operation.

Figures 56 and 57 are sectional side views along the lines 56-56 and51-51, respectively, of Figures 54 and 55.

` l diicing a' loop-'plush' fabric illustrated in Figure 58,

whereby both partial courses are formed during a loopingi operation'.

` Itraccordance with the principles of the present invention,theknitting proceeds from two ground connectionsscf the: fabric. In thefirst place, as shown in Figure 14, there are two threads a and b inal`course, all loops of which lie in two partial courses ona straight lineYI..L,v and. the two threads a and' l5 are formed'. intoneedlelloopsA,and Bw.hile the sinker. l'oops. C are formedpartly by theth'read a andpartly by. `the thread' b. In. thi'sty'pe of fabric the. needle loopsofv a4 course always' Yconsist of one. thread,.alternately d andlbf, andthezthreadportionsc andd ofthev threads a andl o which have not. been.formedu into loops A- andB, are. so arrangedlloehi'nd the. needle loopsA' andB, alternately-formed oi thev tlreadla. lor b; as uniinishedlloops. c and' d; that. every second. loop.d`o a course. coverstlie ends.ofthe loopsc laterally spaced therefrom This. change 11i-Lin theformation of the. needle loops. f'rolnone offthe threads. a.. and. andthisv relative positionof the loop portions d'and c occur. in everywal'e` Another starting connection. is. illustratedl in- Figure 15. Thefabrical'so consists. of two threads a and'b,.but all' loops. A`formedoutoftl'ie-tliread lie on. the straight. line N-, and' alli loops.

formed of the thread'. b, lie. on the line.,M:-M which line extendsparallellto the lineN-N representing. the. part'all course of. the.loops.

In tlie` partial' courses N NA and. IVI-lvl;l both threads a andblaremad'einto needleloopsA and. BT and. i'nt'o partial. loopsd. an d`. c.respectively.,. in. such.manner that. the parts. d. and a do notcovereacl otli'er. andtlie, changein .formingloopsA and-- Bfronr threads. aandi b,.wi`1ich.takesfplace.wlien bothpartial coursesare'`consideredtogether, does not. occur inthewale..

Fabricsgmade. in, accordance. with. the. presenti invention, aredeveloped as. follows. from these fabrics., A l

In. accordance with. the. present;invention,l the` two. incomplete.loops. 'c and. d are. made longer` than. i'n-y the prior art fabrics;the. approximate newr length oil the. loops beingdndicatedby. brokenlines Fguresli'. and.r 1.5. and'. beingdesignated: by, the.references`31. .tas-md-Zilr-in-lilig-ure=l-fY These; loops. 3 havingelongatedShanks are made inthe. next. course. togetherwith. a needlel loop. A.or. Be which as a needlelbop. withlsnortshanksis subev sequentlyrdesignatedv by, the numeralr 4;. intoganeedle loop 5` with elongated.slianks.l

Intlie prior artarr'angement sliowniin Figure 14', wherein the. partialcourses. formed. by,.- the loops'. A` and Bext'end along. the. lineIII-11,. the. positions ofthe thread constituting.apartofthe: present'invention.. are indicated. by. solid black? lines., @ne loop. 5ofltle.thread,.represented=-by B ntofthe long needle loop y togetherThis manner of knitting may be described as f011OWs:`

` The loops '3'y with elongated Shanks are made into long-needle loopsl5 togetheriwith' a needle loopll with' short Shanks inthe same Wale andin the following course or in the next but one course; 1' v Theotherloopvfi indicated by a heavy black line in-Figure 14 is not workedin the same Wale into a needle loop in the next' course, but in a Walewhichis laterally spaced therefrom. It is obvious that, inv view of theoverhanging` of the long loops 5,A more length of thread is requiredthan is necessary for the long needle loop 5 which is worked-into a-needle loop inthe same wale'in the nextcourse, as-indicated by theunfinished loop 3d of the laterally overhanging loop 5 (shown by brokenlines) which is somewhat longer than the other'loop 3'.v In accordancewith the present invention, the threadportions 3 Vcan be formed onlyinto -needle loops 5 with elongated Shanks in a following course.` n gIn the diagram shown in Figure 15, wherein the two partial coursesformed of the loops Aor B i extend'along two straight lines N-N and M-M,the yarrangements of the thread in accordance with the presentinvention, are also indicated by two threads a and b shown in solidblack. The arrangement shown by solid black lines in Figure llil may bealso usedl in connection with the fabric illustrated in Figure 15, andvice versa. v

l Figure 15 illustrates by solid black lines a thread b forming a' loopc, the loop c or 3 being longer thanin prior art and being worked in thefollowing partial course in the adjacent walefof the loops A into thelonger needle loop 5 together with the loop A. For better distinctionthis loop isdesignated as 5r in Figure 15. In the other partial courseof the thread a designated by solid black lines and having a loop dwhich in the prior art arrangement is formed into a longer loop 3, thisloop 3 is formed in a direction differentfror'n that of the loop 5a: inthe adjacent Wale loop B of the following partial course.

The loop 5a with elongated Shanks which is also shown in Figure 15 andis indicated by solid black, is situated in the following partial courseWith the andin a Wale which extends laterally of the original Wale; itis made into a loop with the loop ,B and is subsequently referred to asthe loop 4; In the prior art arrangement shown in'Figures 14 `and 15,the Shanks which produce crossings in accordance with the presentinvention are formed of the thread portion which extends from the needleloop 5 with elongated Shanks to its associated needle loop 4 with shortShanks, .the needle loops made of the thread a being designated Vasloops 5a, and the loops made of the thread b Abeing designated as the.loops 5b. As indicated in Figure 15, loop Shanks 5a or 5b extend'fromthe ordinary loops of a course formed of the threads a or b as portionsof the needle loopswith elongated Shanks made of the same threadl to afollowing course.

These various ways of laying the thread while starting from differentinitial connections may be combined at will. Examples of suchcombinations .will be described hereinbelow. For each describedconnection an equivalent warpffabric connection is available. However,inthe fabrics, made Ain accordance with the present invention, the threadextends in a transverse direction.

lThe ,general procedure is that the thread portions lying between theneedle loops and worked etA longer than usual, are drawn during thelooping ofa following course through the' needle .loops of the coursevin Whichthe loops are formed, or

through the needle loops lof al following course; and are then formedinto needle loops in the next course in the same wale orin awalelaterallspacedtherefrom.` i

The looprformation shown in Figure 14 is 'produced as follows:

1st looping step loop-portions 3 are drawn out to such an extent, y

ascompared to loops of the usual size, that enough thread is availablefor finishing the loops 5 with elongated Shanks in the next -course,7the

elongated Shanks being twice 1 as long, or evenv longer, than the Shanksof the ordinary needle loops 4. The loops formedof the threads a and bare designated as loops 3a and 3b in Fig. 16.

After -thecompletion of the sinking stepand when the needles ascendagain, the loops 3,"3a and 3b are again brought over and'beyon'd theneedle head under the hook. This is'possible, since'each of the loops 3aand 3b extends overa divisionin width. f I

As shown vin Figure 16, the loops the needles NLwhile the loops needlesN2. e The thread portion 2 which is drawnfrom the long drawn-out loopthrough the oldloop 4, '5 becomes ,thev ordinary loop 4, while the otherthread portion which, due to the higher sinking pointgfhas more thread,forms the loop 3 with elongated Shanks.l The device has two sinking '3ahang over 3b hang over the edges-namely, the ordinary one anda secondone located abovev the ordinary edge, the higher `edge serving for'sinking ing for finishing and knocking over; I

After the hanging over, the needles NI and N2 f ascend farther into thepressing position. The

v pressing is carried out as follows:

The loops 4 and 5 which were alreadyonthe needles `before thehanging-over took place,l are pressed off inv the usual manner,` namely,these old loops are placed below the latch on the needle shank to beknocked over during the next'looping operation by sliding during thefollowing :sinking step over the closed latch and being thrown olf theneed es. The overhanging loops 3 are' not pressed and remain below thehook on the latch until the next sinking operation.

2nd loop formation The next sinking operation begins by placing thethread a from the needles N2 under the hooks of the needles N I. Thethread b is placed from the needles N I under the hooks of the needlesN2.

The loops3 drawn'from the threads a and b are worked into needle loops 5with elongated Shanks during the sinking operation together with and theordinary edge serv-

